Programming and Development Reference Guide

Web Development	iOS Development	Android Development	Game Development	Data Science/AI	System Programming
HTML	Swift	Java	C++	Python	C
CSS	Objective-C	Kotlin	C#	R	C++
JavaScript	SwiftUI	Java	Lua	Julia	Rust
PHP	Objective-C with Swift	XML	JavaScript (Node.js)	MATLAB	Assembly
TypeScript	Cocoa Touch (Obj-C)	Kotlin with Android SDK	C# (Unity3D, Unreal Engine)	TensorFlow, Keras (Python)	Go
React.js	Cocoa Framework	Java with Android SDK	C++ (Unreal Engine)	Pandas, Numpy (Python)	Rust
Angular	Swift (UIKit)	Dart (Flutter)	JavaScript (Phaser, Unity)	SciPy (Python)	Swift
Vue.js	(Objective-C with Swift)	Java (Android Studio)	Unity (C#, JavaScript)	PyTorch, TensorFlow (Python)	Python
Django			Game Engines (C++)	Scikit-learn (Python)	Rust
Node.js			Unity (C#)	OpenCV (Python)	C++
jQuery			Godot (GDScript)	TensorFlow.js (JavaScript)

Frameworks and Libraries

Category	Framework/Library	Description
Web Frameworks	React	JavaScript library for building interactive UIs using components.
	Angular	Full-stack JavaScript framework for building dynamic web apps.
	Vue.js	Progressive JavaScript framework for building UIs and single-page applications.
	Django	Python-based framework that follows the "batteries-included" philosophy for rapid web app development.
	Flask	Lightweight Python web framework for building small to medium-sized applications.
	Ruby on Rails	Full-stack Ruby framework for building web applications quickly with built-in conventions.
	Laravel	PHP framework for building modern, scalable web applications.
	Express.js	Web framework for Node.js, provides minimal and flexible architecture for building server-side applications.
	ASP.NET	Framework for building web apps using C# and .NET.
	Spring	Java-based framework for building web and enterprise applications, known for its modularity and security.
Mobile Frameworks	Flutter	Open-source framework for building natively compiled mobile, web, and desktop apps from a single codebase (using Dart).
	React Native	JavaScript framework for building mobile apps for iOS and Android using React.
Game Development	Unity	Game engine and development environment for building 2D and 3D games. Uses C# scripting.
	Unreal Engine	Powerful game engine for developing high-quality 3D games with C++ and visual scripting.
	Godot	Open-source game engine for building both 2D and 3D games.
Machine Learning/AI Frameworks	TensorFlow	Open-source framework for machine learning and deep learning, used in neural networks.
	PyTorch	Deep learning framework with a flexible architecture, popular for research and production.
	Keras	High-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow or Theano.
	Scikit-learn	Simple and efficient tools for data mining and machine learning in Python.
	OpenCV	Open-source computer vision and machine learning software library.
	NLTK	Toolkit for working with human language data in Python.

Tools & Environments

Category	Tool/Environment	Description
IDEs (Integrated Development Environments)	Visual Studio Code	Lightweight code editor with rich extension support for various languages.
	PyCharm	Python-specific IDE with features like debugging, testing, and code completion.
	IntelliJ IDEA	Java IDE with extensive support for Java and JVM-based languages like Kotlin and Scala.
	Eclipse	Open-source IDE primarily used for Java, but supports many other languages.
	Xcode	Apple’s IDE for developing iOS/macOS applications with Swift or Objective-C.
	Sublime Text	Lightweight text editor with a focus on speed and efficiency.
Version Control Systems	Git	Distributed version control system, allowing for code collaboration and history tracking.
	GitHub	Web-based platform for Git version control, enabling collaboration and sharing of code.
	GitLab	Git repository manager with CI/CD, issue tracking, and DevOps tools.
	Bitbucket	Git-based source code repository hosting service, with built-in CI/CD support.
CI/CD Tools	Jenkins	Open-source automation server used for continuous integration and delivery.
	Travis CI	Continuous integration service used for building and testing software.
	CircleCI	Continuous integration and delivery platform to automate the software development process.
	GitLab CI	Built-in continuous integration and deployment feature in GitLab.
	Bamboo	Continuous integration and deployment tool from Atlassian, integrated with Jira.
Containerization Tools	Docker	Platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in lightweight containers.

Web Technologies

Category	Technology/Concept	Description
Web Servers	Apache	Open-source HTTP server software used for serving websites.
	Nginx	High-performance web server and reverse proxy server.
APIs	REST	Architectural style for designing networked applications using stateless communication.
	GraphQL	Query language for APIs that allows clients to request only the data they need.
Authentication/Authorization	OAuth	Open standard for access delegation, often used for secure authorization.
	JWT (JSON Web Token)	Compact, URL-safe means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties.
	OpenID Connect	Identity layer on top of OAuth 2.0 that enables verification of user identity.

Databases

Category	Database/Technology	Description
Relational Databases	MySQL	Open-source relational database management system.
	PostgreSQL	Advanced open-source relational database with support for complex queries.
	SQLite	Lightweight, serverless database that stores data in a single file.
NoSQL Databases	MongoDB	Document-based NoSQL database for handling large amounts of unstructured data.
	Cassandra	Highly scalable NoSQL database for managing large amounts of data across many servers.
ORMs (Object-Relational Mapping)	Sequelize	ORM for Node.js, supports multiple SQL-based databases.
	SQLAlchemy	ORM for Python, facilitates the communication between Python code and relational databases.
	Hibernate	ORM for Java, allows mapping of Java objects to database tables.

Cloud & DevOps

Category	Tool/Technology	Description	Purpose	When to use it
Cloud Platforms	AWS	Amazon’s cloud computing platform offering IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS services.	Hosting applications, managing servers, databases, and scaling infrastructure in the cloud. AWS offers everything from compute power to storage.	Building scalable, high-availability systems
	Google Cloud	Google’s cloud platform for computing, storage, and machine learning.	Building, testing, and deploying applications on Google’s cloud infrastructure.	Big data analytics, machine learning, and scalable applications
	Microsoft Azure	Cloud computing platform by Microsoft offering a range of services.	Hosting, deploying, and managing applications and services through Microsoft’s cloud infrastructure	Enterprises, cloud-native apps, hybrid cloud solutions
Containerization/Orchestration	Kubernetes	Open-source platform for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.	Managing and scaling large numbers of containers efficiently, making sure they run smoothly in production environments.	Large-scale applications, microservices, DevOps automation
	Docker	Platform for building, running, and shipping applications in containers.	Simplifies application deployment, scalability, and portability. It isolates dependencies and configurations into containers.	Containerized environments, microservices, cross-platform development

Web Development

Language/Tool	What it is	Key Use	Example
HTML	HyperText Markup Language: Defines the structure of web content using tags. It’s the building block of the web.	Structuring the content of a webpage (headings, paragraphs, images, links). Every webpage starts with HTML to structure its elements.	<h1>Heading</h1><p>This is a paragraph.</p>
CSS	Cascading Style Sheets: A styling language that controls the layout and appearance of HTML elements.	Styling web pages (fonts, colors, spacing, margins, layout). It’s like the clothing and design of a webpage.	h1 { color: blue; font-size: 30px; }
JavaScript	A scripting language used to add interactivity to web pages by manipulating the DOM and handling events.	Dynamic content updates, form validation, animations, event handling, creating interactive elements without reloading the page.	document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello, World!";
TypeScript	A statically-typed superset of JavaScript that compiles down to JavaScript.	Adds strong typing to JavaScript for better maintainability, scalability, and debugging. Ideal for larger applications.	let age: number = 25;
PHP	Hypertext Preprocessor: A server-side scripting language mainly used for web development.	Building dynamic websites that interact with databases (e.g., user profiles, forms). Integrated with MySQL or PostgreSQL.	<?php echo "Hello, World!"; ?>
React.js	A JavaScript library for building user interfaces with reusable components.	Building SPAs (Single Page Applications) with a focus on state management, component reuse, and virtual DOM for performance.	const element = <h1>Hello, world!</h1>;
Angular	A TypeScript-based open-source framework used for building dynamic single-page applications.	Building large-scale applications with two-way data binding, directives, routing, and deep integration with APIs.	@Component({ selector: 'app-root', templateUrl: './app.component.html' })
Vue.js	A progressive JavaScript framework used for building modern user interfaces.	Flexible and easy to integrate with other libraries or existing projects. Focuses on simplicity, progressive enhancements, and scalable applications.	const app = new Vue({ el: '#app', data: { message: 'Hello Vue!' } });
Node.js	A JavaScript runtime that allows JavaScript to run server-side, enabling full-stack development with JS.	Server-side scripting for building fast, scalable web applications. Real-time data applications, APIs, and server-side rendering.	const http = require('http'); http.createServer((req, res) => res.end());
Django	A high-level Python web framework designed for rapid development and security.	Building secure and maintainable websites. Includes built-in features like user authentication, admin panel, and ORM for database management.	from django.http import HttpResponse; def hello(request): return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

iOS Development

Language/Tool	What it is	Key Use	Example
Swift	A powerful, open-source language developed by Apple for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS development.	Building fast and safe applications with modern syntax. Preferred for iOS apps. Focus on safety, performance, and modernity.	let message = "Hello, iOS!"
Objective-C	The predecessor to Swift, an object-oriented language used for iOS/macOS development.	Older apps or legacy projects are often in Objective-C. It uses a dynamic runtime and includes powerful memory management.	NSString *str = @"Hello, World!";
SwiftUI	A declarative framework for building user interfaces across all Apple platforms.	Designing UIs with less code. Emphasizes declarative syntax, automatically updating the UI based on state changes.	Text("Hello, World!").font(.largeTitle).foregroundColor(.blue)
UIKit	A framework for graphical, event-driven user interfaces in iOS.	For creating UIs with views, buttons, labels, gestures, etc. Provides tools for handling user interaction.	let label = UILabel()
Xcode	The IDE used for developing applications on Apple's platforms.	Integrated environment for writing Swift, Objective-C, and SwiftUI code. It includes tools for debugging, testing, and deployment.	Xcode > File > New > Project

Android Development

Language/Tool	What it is	Key Use	Example
Java	A general-purpose, object-oriented programming language traditionally used for Android development.	Building Android apps, backend systems, enterprise solutions, and cross-platform apps (using tools like React Native).	String message = "Hello, World!";
Kotlin	A modern, statically typed language for Android development, now the preferred language for Android apps.	Writing Android apps more concisely and safely compared to Java. It works interoperably with Java.	val message = "Hello, World!"
Android SDK	A software development kit containing tools, libraries, and APIs to build Android applications.	Provides necessary tools to develop Android apps, including emulator, debugger, and Android libraries.	android.widget.TextView
Android Studio	The official IDE for Android development, based on IntelliJ IDEA.	Integrated development environment for writing, testing, and debugging Android apps.	Android Studio > Create New Project
Gradle	A build automation tool used by Android to handle project dependencies, build processes, and deployment.	Automates tasks like compiling code, linking resources, and managing project dependencies for Android apps.	apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

Backend Development

Language/Tool	What it is	Key Use	Example
Python	A high-level, general-purpose language used in web and backend development.	Popular in web frameworks like Django and Flask, as well as for scripting, automation, data science, and APIs.	def hello(): print("Hello, World!")
Ruby	A dynamic, object-oriented language often used with the Rails framework for web development.	Building scalable applications with a focus on simplicity and developer happiness.	puts "Hello, World!"
Node.js	A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 engine to build scalable server-side applications.	Server-side JavaScript used to build web applications and APIs. Efficient for real-time applications like chat apps.	const http = require('http');
Go (Golang)	A compiled, statically typed language developed by Google, known for its efficiency and speed.	Writing high-performance backend services, particularly in cloud computing and distributed systems.	package main; import "fmt"; func main() { fmt.Println("Hello, World!") }

Database Technologies

Language/Tool	What it is	Key Use	Example
SQL	Structured Query Language used for managing and querying relational databases.	Used for data retrieval, insertion, deletion, and modification in relational databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL.	SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18;
MongoDB	A NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents rather than tables.	Storing and handling unstructured data with high scalability. Useful for applications requiring dynamic data models.	db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 18 } })
MySQL	An open-source relational database management system that uses SQL.	Storing and managing structured data in relational databases.	CREATE DATABASE testdb;
PostgreSQL	An advanced, open-source relational database system known for reliability and advanced features.	Handling complex queries, supporting JSON, and ensuring ACID compliance.	SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;

Backend Development

Category	Technology/Tool/Library/Concept	Description/Use Cases
Languages	Node.js	JavaScript runtime for backend, non-blocking I/O, and asynchronous processing.
	Python	High-level language popular for backend development (Django, Flask). Easy to learn, used for APIs, automation, and data analysis.
	Java	Object-oriented language, widely used for enterprise-scale backend systems and large web applications (Spring, Hibernate).
	Ruby	Dynamic, object-oriented language used with the Ruby on Rails framework for rapid development of web applications.
	Go (Golang)	A statically typed language developed by Google. Known for high performance and scalability in web servers and APIs.
	PHP	Server-side language for building dynamic websites. Often used in CMSs like WordPress and for e-commerce.
Frameworks	Express.js	Web framework for Node.js, essential for building REST APIs and handling HTTP requests.
	Django	Python framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
	Flask	Lightweight Python framework that provides the basics for web development, ideal for small projects or microservices.
	Spring Boot	Java-based framework for building production-ready, stand-alone, and web applications.
	Ruby on Rails	Full-stack Ruby framework that emphasizes convention over configuration. Helps speed up web app development.
Databases	MySQL	Relational database management system, ideal for structured data and supports SQL queries.
	PostgreSQL	Advanced open-source RDBMS with support for complex queries, transactions, and analytics.
	MongoDB	NoSQL document-based database used for handling large volumes of unstructured data.
Authentication	JWT (JSON Web Tokens)	Standard for securely transmitting data between parties, especially for authentication in web apps.
	OAuth	Open standard for access delegation commonly used in login systems (e.g., Google, Facebook login).

Mobile Development

Category	Technology/Tool/Library/Concept	Description/Use Cases
Languages	Swift	Language for building iOS/macOS applications with modern features and high performance.
	Kotlin	Preferred language for Android app development, offering concise syntax and full interoperability with Java.
	Java	Android's primary language for building native apps, widely used in Android development for years.
Cross-Platform	React Native	Framework for building mobile apps using JavaScript and React, supporting both iOS and Android.
	Flutter	Google's UI toolkit for building natively compiled apps for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase (Dart language).
	Xamarin	Microsoft’s cross-platform framework for building mobile apps with C# and .NET.
Development Tools	Xcode	Integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS to build iOS and macOS applications.
	Android Studio	Official IDE for Android development using Java, Kotlin, and other languages.